E2 Treaty Investor Visa

Nationals of qualifying Treaty countries who have made a significant investment in the United States may qualify for E2 Treaty Investor status. Like the E1 visa, there is no set minimum level of investment which may qualify for E2 status, but the lower the investment the less likely one is to qualify. Again, the level of investment must be sufficient to justify the treaty national (or his/her employees) presence in the United States. The investment must be in an operating business – i.e. simply buying property or stocks and bonds does not qualify. Also, a substantial part of the investment must have been made before applying for E2 status.

There is another investor visa called the EB-5 visa for USA immigration which is designed specifically for those wishing to immigrate to the USA by investing in the creation of a new commercial enterprise.

E2 Visa Countries

E2 visas may only be applied for by people or companies from the following countries:

Argentina	China (ROC)	Georgia	Kyrgyzstan	Pakistan	Switzerland
Armenia	Colombia	Germany	Latvia	Panama	Thailand
Australia	Congo	Grenada	Liberia	Philippines	Togo
Austria	Costa Rica	Honduras	Luxembourg	Poland	Trinidad and Tobago
Bangladesh	The Czech Republic	Iran	Mexico	Romania	Tunisia
Belarus	Ecuador	Ireland	Morocco	Senegal	Turkey
Belgium	Egypt	Italy	Moldovia	The Slovak Republic	The Ukraine
Bosnia-Herzegovina	Estonia	Jamaica	Mongolia	Spain	United Kingdom
Bulgaria	Ethiopia	Japan	Netherlands	Sri Lanka	Uzbekistan
Cameroon	Finland	Kazakhstan	Norway	Suriname	Yugoslavia
Canada	France	Korea	Oman	Sweden

Unratified but signed treaties exist with: Albania, Azerbaijan, Haiti, Jordan, Nicaragua, and Russia.

Investors from qualifying countries may apply for an E2 visa in order to ‘Direct and Develop’ their investment. They may also apply for E2 visas for key managerial and specialist employees. In contrast to the L1 visa, there is no requirement that such employees have worked for the Investor for at least one year in the last three, nor is it necessary for the Investor to continue operations outside the USA while the Investor or his/her employees are in the USA.

E2 visa registration applications should demonstrate that:

• There has been and will be a substantial capital investment in the US. There is no specific cash threshold defined, but $40,000 is probably an absolute minimum, and any investment below $100,000 would need a very strong case to support it.
• Risk Capital has been Committed; the investment must entail some risk to the investor (it may not be all in the form of unguaranteed credit). At a minimum, there must be a long-term lease of an office in the US.
• The investor will control his/her investment. In this respect control is considered to entail owning over 50% of the US enterprise.
• The cash invested is not marginal when compared to the total investment. In general, unless it is common to the industry to have higher amounts of ‘leveraging’ (such as in the property industry), 51% of the investment should be in the form of cash equity. Where debt is secured against other assets of the investor, it is considered to be ‘at risk’, and may be considered as part of the equity invested.
• The enterprise is (or will be) active. In order to be ‘Directing and Developing’ their investment, the investor will require an enterprise that involves active management.
• US workers are (or will be) employed. The treaties envisage more than just creating a job for the principal investor, but there is no requirement to employ a particular number of US citizens. Obviously, employment of large numbers of US citizens would be viewed very favorably.
• The enterprise, or its principal investor, has a past history of successful trading.
• That the ‘investor’ has sufficient acumen to direct and develop the investment enterprise.
• That the principal investor, and any other E2 staff, are able and willing to leave the US upon termination of their E2 status.